Use of WH Question in Narration

Question with "WH" मेंभी S+O तथा O+S रहेगा।इसमें "WH" रहेगाउसकेबाद S उसकेबाद AV औरबादमें PV रहेगा।इसमें Comma केबदलेमेंकुछनहींलगानापड़ेगा।बाकीसब Tense केअनुसारबदलेगा।तथा Marks Of Interrogation अंतमेंनहींरहेगा।

Question with "WH"

1. He said to me, "What is your name?"

He asked me what my name was.

2. Why are you lagging behind, "said the horse to the mair".

The horse asked the mair why she was lagging behind.

3. The teacher said to me, "Where do you live?"

The teacher asked me where I lived.

4. Sanjay said to Moti, "which way leads to the station?"

Sanjay asked Moti which way lead to the station.

5. He said to him, "why do you not ask other?"

He asked him why he did not ask other.

6. I asked him, "why did he come late that day?"

I asked him why he had come late previous day.

7. Rakesh said to Rajesh, "what will you do with the money?"

Rakesh asked Rajesh what he would do with the money.

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Use of Narration with Auxiliary Verb in English Grammar

Question with auxiliary verb में dialogue बोलने वाले का subject dialogue के object dialogue को तथा dialogue के बोलने वाले को कमांड करता है।

Comma के बदले If तथा Whether रहेगा. Whether लगाना ज्यादा अच्छा रहेगा। तथा प्रश्नात्मक को सकारात्मक में बना देते है। तथा Do या Did रहने पर Do को Verb का दूसरा रूप में परिवर्तित कर हटा देंगे तथा इसका स्थान Verb लेगा। नकारात्मक वाक्यों में Do को Did के रूप में रखेंगे। और Said को Asked लिखेंगे। और सारे नियम Tense के अनुसार Narration में बदलेंगे।

Question with Auxiliary Verb:

1. He said to me, "Have you seen the Taj".

He asked me whether I had seen the Taj.

2. He asked us, "Are you going today."

He asked us whether we were going that day.

3. He said to her, "can you drive the car."

He asked her whether she could drive the car.

4. We said to him, "Is your name Mohan Das."

We asked him whether his name was Mohan Das.

5. They said to us, "Were you present in the meeting."

They asked us whether we had been present in the meeting.

6. The man said to his son, "Do you want to go."

The man asked his son whether he wanted to go.

7. An old man asked me, "Do you know how to sleep."

An old man asked me whether I knew how to sleep.

8. Hasan said to us, "Do you remember to have taken money from me."

Hasan asked to us whether we remembered to had taken money from him.

9. I said to Hasan, "Did you ever give me money."

I asked Hasan whether he had ever given money.

10. The thief said to the judge, "May I appeal for mercy."

The thief asked the judge whether he might appeal for mercy.

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Use of Narration with Past Tense in English Grammar

अगर डायलाग बोलने वाला Past के किसी भी Tense में हो और डायलाग किसी भी Tense में तो Change होगा। Comma के बदले That होगा. S+S, O+O, S+V कमांड करेगा।

अगर डायलाग बोलने वाला में Object हो तो Said का Told होगा और To नहीं रहेगा।

Past + Present Indefinite = Past Indefinite.

Ram said to Sita, "I eat a mango."

Ram told Sita that he ate a mango.

Past + Present Imperfect = Past Imperfect.

Ramesh said, "I am going to market."

Ramesh said that he was going to market.

Past + Present Perfect = Past Perfect.

You said to me, "I have done my work."

You told me that you had done your work.

Past + Present Perfect Continuous = Past Perfect Continuous.

The boys said to the teacher, "we have been learning English."

The boys told that teacher that they had been learning English.

Past + Past Indefinite = Past Perfect.

The teacher said, "I taught English."

The teacher said that he had taught English.

Past + Past Imperfect = Past Perfect Continuous.

The teacher said, "I was teaching English."

The teacher said that he had been teaching English.

Past + Past Perfect = Nill.

Past + Past Perfect Continuous = Nill.

Past + Future Indefinite = Future in Past.

The player said, "I shall try my best."

The player said that he would try his best.

Past + Future Imperfect = Future in past.

Gangully said, "I shall be taking wickets."

Gangully said that he would be tacking wickets.

Past + Future Perfect = Future in past.

My father said, "I shall have bought a car."

My father said that he would have bought a car.

Past + Future Perfect Continuous = Future in Past.

Hari said, "I shall have been solving the problem."

Hari said that he would have been solving the problem.

Past में अगर Future हो तो Shall या Will के बदले Should या Would रहेगा तथा That रहेगा।

अगर डायलाग बोलने वाला Past या कोई भी Tense में रहे और डायलाग Universal हो तो डायलाग में नो Change। That रहेगा।

Past + Universal Truth = No Change.

Sunil said, "the earth moves round the sun."

Sunil said that the earth moves round the sun.

My father said, "the sun rises in the east."

My father said that the sun rises in the east.

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Use of Narration with Future Tense in English Grammar

यदि डायलाग बोलने वाला Future के किसी भी Tense में रहे और डायलाग किसी भी Tense में तो No Change।

S+S, O+O, S+V को कमांड करेगा, Comma के बदले That रहेगा।

1. Future + Present + Indefinite = No Change.

Sachin will say, "I play cricket."

Sachin will say that he plays cricket.

2. Future + Present + Imperfect = No Change.

Hari will say, "I am singing a song."

Hari will say that he is singing a song.

3. Future + Present + Perfect = No Change.

I shall say, "I have completed the task."

I shall say that I have completed the task.

4. Future + Present Perfect Continuous = No Change.

Dharmendra will say, "I have been acting for thirty years."

Dharmendra will say that he has been acting for thirty year.

5. Future + Past Indefinite = No Change.

Atul will say, "I won the election."

Atul will say that he won the election.

6. Future + Past Imperfect = No Change.

Priyanka will say, "I was learning politics."

Priyanka will say that she was learning politics.

7. Future + Past + Perfect = No Change.

Lalu will say, "I had decided to sing."

Lalu will say that he had decided to sing.

8. Future + Past Perfect Continuous = No Change.

The driver will say, "I had been traveling for a year."

The driver will say that he had been traveling for a year.

9. Future + Future Indefinite = No Change.

Radha will say, "I shall dance."

Radha will say that she will dance.

10. Future + Future Imperfect = No Change.

The teacher will say, "I shall be teaching."

The teacher will say that he will be teaching.

11. Future + Future Perfect = No Change.

This boy will say, "I shall have finished my task."

This boy will say that he will have finished his task.

12. Future + Future Perfect Continuous = No Change.

My sister will say, "I shall have been cooking the food."

My sister will say that she will have been cooking the food.

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Use of Narration with Present Tense In English Grammar

अगर डायलाग बोलने वाला Present के किसी भी Tense में रहे और डायलाग किसी भी Tense में रहे तो No Change। डायलाग बोलने वाले का Subject डायलाग को Subject को कमांड करता है तथा Object - Object को। Inverted Comma के बदले That रहेगा। अगर डायलाग बोलने में Object रहेगा तो Say का Tell होगा। To नहीं रहेगा तो Say ही होगा।

1. Present + Present Indefinite = No Change

Direct: Ram says to Sita, "I love you".

Indirect: Ram tels Sita that he loves her.

2. Present + Present Imperfect = No Change

Direct: The servant says to the owner, "I am going to market".

Indirect: The servant tells the owner that he is going to market.

3 Present + Present Perfect = No Change

Direct: Sachin says, "I have scored century".

Indirect: Sachin says that he has scored century.

4. Present + Present Perfect Continuous = No Change

Direct: The driver says, "I have been driving the car for five years".

Indirect: The driver says that he has been driving the car for five years.

5. Present + Past Indefinite = No Change

Direct: Ramesh says, "I won the match".

Indirect: Ramesh says that he won the match.

6. Present + Past Imperfect = No Change

Direct: They says, "We were watching the match".

Indirect: They say that they were watching the match.

7. Present + Past Perfect = No Change

Direct: The boys say, "We had cut the tree".

Indirect: The boys say that they had cut the tree.

8. Present + Past Perfect Continuous = No Change

Direct: Rams says, "I had been living in Patna for two months".

Indirect: Ram says that he had been living in Patna for two months.

9. Present + Future Indefinite = No Change

Direct: Sita says, "I shall cook food".

Indirect: Sita says that she will cook food.

10. Present + Future Imperfect = No Change

Direct: I says, "I shall be helping the poor".

Indirect: I say that I shall be helping the poor.

11. Present + Future Perfect = No Change

Direct: We say, "We shall have passed the exam".

Indirect: We say that we shall have passed the exam.

12. Present + Future Perfect Continuous = No Change

Direct: Ranjana says to me, "I shall have been teaching geography."

Indirect: Ranjana tells me that she will have been teaching geography.

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New Dimensions of Preposition in English Grammar

Some New Dimensions of Preposition in English Grammar:

Of:

जब हम तुलना के साथ-साथ चयन अथवा प्राथमिकता का बोध करवाते है तो Comparative Degree में Of का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे -

He is better of the two boys.

To:

जब गति के लक्ष्य को दर्शाना हो तो To का प्रयोग करेंगे। जैसे - I am going to railway station.

Towards:

जब कोई गति लक्ष्य तक नहीं लक्ष्य की ओर जाती है तो इसका प्रयोग होता है। जैसे - I am going to railway station towards Mahavir Mandir.

Without - बिना:

जैसे - Without Ticket.

With - के साथ।

जैसे - We can't go with you.

Offer:

यह भी गति दर्शाता है परन्तु किसी के पीछे।

जैसे - I don't run after you.

Along:

जब कोई वस्तु या व्यक्ति के किनारे-किनारे लम्बाई में रहे तो इसका प्रयोग होता है। जैसे - People were standing when Shekhar came.

Around:

जब कोई वस्तु किसी वस्तु के चरों ओर किनारे-किनारे गोलाई में रहे तो Around का प्रयोग करते है। जैसे - There are trees around Gandhi Maidan.

Beneath - कमी, पिछड़ा:

जब कोई किसी से किसी अर्थ में कम हो तो उस कमी को दर्शाने के लिए इसका प्रयोग करते है। जैसे - He married beneath himself.

For:

इसका प्रयोग लक्ष्य को दर्शाने के लिए Noun, Pronoun या Gerund के पहले होता है। जैसे -

I shall die for you.

I earn for bread.

I came for learning.

To:

इसका प्रयोग लक्ष्य को दर्शाने ले लिए Verb के पहले होता है। जैसे - I came here to learn English.

Till/Up To

Till: यह कार्य के समाप्ति के समय को दर्शाने के लिए तब प्रयुक्त होता है, जब समय निश्चित हो। जैसे - I shall stay here till tomorrow.

Up To: इसका प्रयोग कार्य के समाप्ति को दर्शाने के लिए तब होता है जब कार्य के समाप्ति के लिए अवधि दी गयी हो। जैसे - I shall stay here up to four days.

During:

कार्य के आरंभिक समय से लेकर कार्य के अंतिम समय तक के योग को दर्शाने के लिए During का प्रयोग करते है। जैसे - What are you doing during Durga Puja.

On:

यह किसी पर किसी का निर्भरता भी दर्शाता है। जैसे - We depend on rain.

In:

सम्बन्ध में, के मामले में, के सन्दर्भ में:

जैसे - I am weak in English.

किसी को किसी कार्य में संलगंता को दर्शाने के लिए हम इसका प्रयोग करते है। जैसे - In study, In media, In politics etc.

हर्दय की बातों की अभिब्यक्ति के सारे माध्यमों में In लगता है। जैसे - In writing, In English, Printed in two colour, Payment in cash etc.

Into:

इसका प्रयोग किसी के रूप परिवर्तन को दर्शाने के लिए होता है। जैसे - His love turned into anger.

Before:

(स्थान) सामने: जैसे - Sit before me.

(समय) निश्चित समय से पहले। जैसे - I came before two O'clock.

Through:

यह उन कारणों को दर्शाता हो जो किसी के लिए अच्छे परिणाम लेकर आते है, कारण भले ही बूरें हो। जैसे - He got the past through source.

Of / From:

Of - यह मृत्यु के कारण को बतलाने के लिए तब प्रयुक्त होता है, जब वह क्षणिक होता है। जैसे - He died of explosion.

From - इसका प्रयोग मृत्यु के कारण को दर्शाने के लिए होता है, परन्तु इसका प्रयोग तब करते है जब वे कारण दीर्घ होते है। जैसे - He died from fever.

At / In

At: Noon, At Night

In: The morning, In the evening

At:

समीप / करीब जैसे - The beggar was standing at the door.

For:

यह किसी भी प्रकार के आदान एवं प्रदान को दर्शाता है। जैसे - I bought a pen for five rupees.

Beside:

के बगल में। जैसे - My friend was sitting beside me.

We already have studied about preposition, practices of preposition and some great examples of preposition. Now, there are some new dimensions of preposition which is used in English Grammar.

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Some Great Examples of Preposition in English Grammar

Examples of Preposition in English Grammar:

Against:

जब कोई वस्तु किसी वस्तु के सहारे रखी जाती हो और ऐसी अवस्था में किसी कोण का निर्माण होता है तो उसके लिए इसका प्रयोग करते है।

जैसे - Put the ladder against the wall.

I am against corruption.

Behind:

(स्थान) पीछे - जैसे, The garage is behind the flat.

(समय) - निर्धारित समय से विलम्ब करके। जैसे, The Magadh express is behind its schedule hour.

Beyond:

यह भी गति दर्शाता है परन्तु किसी सीमा रेखा से बाहर। जैसे - Don't go beyond your means.

Up:

यह भी गति दर्शाता है परन्तु निचे से ऊपर की ओर। जैसे - Jak and Jill went up the hill.

Down:

यह भी गति दर्शाता है परन्तु ऊपर से निचे की ओर। जैसे - Jak and Jill come down the hill.

Besides/Except

Besides: को मिलकर को सम्मिल्लित कर। जैसे - I shall take rice besides bread.

Except: को छोड़कर। जैसे - I shall come here everyday except on Sunday.

From:

यह किसी कार्य के आरंभिक स्थल को दर्शाता है। जैसे - My education started from the lap of my mother.

यह उत्पति स्थल को भी दर्शाता है। जैसे - The Ganges emerges from the Himalayas.

Past:

यह घड़ी के समय को दर्शाने के लिए तब प्रयुक्त होता है जब पक्के समय से अधिकता दर्शनी हो। जैसे - It is 30 past 8.

To:

इसका प्रयोग घड़ी के समय को दर्शाने के लिए तब होता है जब पक्के समय से कमी को दर्शनी हो। जैसे - It is thirty to nine.

Round:

यह भी गति दर्शाता है, परन्तु वस्तु के चरों ओर। जैसे - The earth moves round the sun.

Through:

जब कोई वस्तु किसी वस्तु के एक छोड़ से दुसरे छोड़ तक गति के साथ जाती है तो Through का प्रयोग करते है। जैसे - The train run through the tunnel.

Off:

जुदाई के परिणाम को दर्शाने के लिए हम इसका प्रयोग करते है। जैसे - The train was off its position.

Of: का, के, की:

निर्जीव के संबंधों को दर्शाने के लिए इसका प्रयोग होता है। जैसे - The pocket of blade.

Than - से:

Comparative degree का निर्माण जब or तथा more से हो तो उसके साथ Than लगता है। जैसे - I am taller than you.

To:

जब कभी Comparative Degree का निर्माण Or से हो तथा Prefer तथा Preferable शब्द अपने साथ To का प्रयोग करते है। जैसे - I am senior to you.

I have continued it in the sequence of Preposition and Practices of Preposition.

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